This report provides a detailed analysis and profiling of cyber groups and hacktivist collectives actively involved in the Israel - Iran cyber conflict, with a specific focus on operations reported between 2024 and June 16, 2025. The cyber conflict between Iran and Israel represents one of the most significant aspects of contemporary international relations, highlighting the critical role of technology in modern warfare. Marked by Israeli air strikes on Iran ’s nuclear facilities and military sites and Iran firing missile salvos, the pro- Israel hacker group “Predatory Sparrow” launched a cyber attack on Iran ’s Sepah Bank. The conflict between Iran and Israel has rapidly expanded to cyberspace, and a covert cyber war is quietly opening. Agencies are warning of potential attacks from Iranian hackers as the conflict widens. The war between Iran and Israel has already expanded from the battlefield into cyberspace . This article provides comprehensive explanation about the dynamics of Israel - Iran cyberwars since October 7th attacks and their geopolitical rivalry in Middle East region. To analyze the topic, we use realism and hegemony theory in IR. The escalating Israel - Iran conflict , intensified by recent US bombing raids on Iran’s nuclear facilities, has spilled into cyberspace, with both nations leveraging their formidable cyber capabilities. Disinformation and AI-generated media continue to flood the online narrative Cyber conflict threatens regional and global spillover The outbreak of the open conflict between Israel and Iran on June 13, 2025, marked by Israeli airstrikes on Iranian nuclear and military sites and Iranian missile salvos in return, has rapidly expanded into cyberspace. Israel has launched a “ massive cyber war ” against Iran’s digital infrastructure, Iranian media quotes the country’s cybersecurity command as saying. Many of the attacks were successfully. Iran’s National Cybersecurity Command claimed Israel had launched “ massive cyber attacks.” Later that day, Iran’s government admitted it was intentional: they slowed and partially shut the global internet to ward off threats from abroad. The Israel - Iran cyber war draws attention to the expanding role of cyber warfare in international conflicts. As nations develop their cyber capabilities, the risk of significant disruptions to global systems increases.
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