A compilation of analyses on the military and nuclear impact of Israel ’ s initial strikes, Tehran’s response options, the Trump administration’s next steps, public reactions inside Iran, and more. Israel’s attack on Iran has exposed critical weaknesses in Tehran’s broader military strategy. While Iran still has untapped shorter-range capabilities it could deploy in its immediate neighbourhood, its depleted medium-range missile arsenal and weakened regional allies leave it with limited options for retaliation against Israel . In a wave of attacks, the Israeli military struck the Natanz nuclear facility, military bases, and other targets in Iran, and also assassinated Iran’s three top military leaders among many other senior military officials and several nuclear scientists. The Israeli attack on Iran 's nuclear program and military assets and Iran 's responding missile strikes represent a significant escalation in the long-standing tensions between the two nations. RAND experts provide insights into the strategic, diplomatic, and economic dimensions of this unfolding crisis. In the aftermath of Israel's surprise attack against Iran on Friday morning, there are three critical questions that demand answers. These three questions will determine the pace of events to come, and while an escalation is inevitable, just how dangerous the situation in the Middle East will become depends on the answers that will emerge from. After 12 days of direct conflict marked by air strikes and missile attacks, Israel and Iran have agreed to a cease-fire. Both sides claim success, but experts say Iran ’s nuclear program remains. Israel’s large-scale attack on Iran ’s nuclear and military structures threatens to further escalate Mideast tensions while weakening Iran and its proxy network.
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