The Israeli attack on Iran 's nuclear program and military assets and Iran 's responding missile strikes represent a significant escalation in the long-standing tensions between the two nations. RAND experts provide insights into the strategic, diplomatic, and economic dimensions of this unfolding crisis. Iran ’ s threats to block the strait in response to Western aggression have only heightened concerns about energy security and international trade. This paper examines the recent escalation of the Iran-Israel conflict, focusing on its historical roots, regional impact, and global consequences. Israel ’s and Iran ’s Military Adventurism Has Put the Middle East in an Alarmingly Dangerous Situation The region will not see stability without the development of mechanisms for collective security. Over decades, their rivalry played out mainly through indirect actions by Iran and by covert operations from Israel . That dynamic changed last year. Iran has increased drone attacks via proxies, while Israel responded with powerful retaliatory airstrikes. Key incidents: This ongoing violence has led to civilian casualties and heightened international alarm. One of the biggest triggers of Israeli military action is Iran ’ s nuclear development . Tensions among Israel and Iran have escalated over a long time of political, ideological, and navy war. While full-scale war has been avoided, 2024 and 2025 have visible unheard of proxy confrontations and direct threats. Israel may now have “escalation dominance” over Iran and its proxies, but a new bipartisan Atlantic Council report underscores the need for a strong and long-term strategy for dealing with Tehran. Iran – Israel War 2025 highlights decades-long hostility, proxy battles, and escalating nuclear tensions. Explore the timeline, causes, key events, airstrikes, and global impact of this evolving West Asian conflict shaping regional and global security. Amid rising tensions , Israel and Iran edge closer to an extended conflict, with potential global repercussions. The United States evaluates military involvement, while the situation prompts international concerns over nuclear safety and regional security.
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