Explore the history, current tensions, and future outlook of the Israel - Iran conflict , including military, political, and nuclear dimensions. Whether the fighting between Iran and Israel escalates, plateaus, or goes in unforeseen directions, allies and adversaries alike will be looking to secure their own interests in the fight or, at the very least, avoid getting drawn into the fray. How do actors inside and outside the Middle East view the showdown, and how might their decisions help or hinder U.S. Iran has been exerting pressure on Israel with the help of allies, like Hezbollah, Hamas, Houthis and Iraqi militias, avoiding a direct war with Israel . Israel has a history of striking nuclear sites in Iraq and Syria, but Iran poses a tougher and more sensitive challenge. The Israeli attack on Iran 's nuclear program and military assets and Iran 's responding missile strikes represent a significant escalation in the long-standing tensions between the two nations. RAND experts provide insights into the strategic, diplomatic, and economic dimensions of this unfolding crisis. The 2025 Israel - Iran conflict highlights the intricate web of global interconnectedness. The conflict's impact extended far beyond the immediate region, affecting global oil prices, international relations, and humanitarian efforts worldwide. Iran – Israel War 2025 highlights decades-long hostility, proxy battles, and escalating nuclear tensions. Explore the timeline, causes, key events, airstrikes, and global impact of this evolving West Asian conflict shaping regional and global security. In June 2025 , the long-dreaded direct war between Israel and Iran erupted and concluded with staggering intensity and unprecedented consequences. Unlike previous shadow wars waged through proxies and cyber strikes, this was an unambiguous clash between two sovereign states, fought openly, decisively, and with global implications. On June 13, 2025 , Israel conducted a major operation against Iran . The anticipated attack targeted nuclear facilities, military sites, and regime infrastructure.
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