Since 1985, Iran and Israel have been engaged in a proxy conflict that has greatly affected the geopolitics of the Middle East. In 2025 , hostility between Israel and Iran escalated into an armed military conflict. Israel carried out strikes against Iranian nuclear and military targets the day after the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) declared that Iran had violated its obligations. Tensions between two Middle Eastern heavyweights have erupted into a full-fledged Israel‑Iran war 2025. What’s happening now? In the latest twist, Israel’s Operation Rising Lion unleashed a devastating wave of airstrikes on Iran’s military and nuclear infrastructure—including the hardened Natanz enrichment complex—on June 13, 2025. Hamas began this war on October 7, 2023, and embroiled Iran and its proxy and partner militias in a two-year conflict that badly undermined Iran ’s ability to deter Israel and set the stage for the ongoing Israeli air campaign. Iran ’ s military doctrine centers on asymmetric warfare, regional influence through proxy militias, and the development of long-range deterrence, particularly in response to perceived U.S. And Israeli threats. Proxy Network: Iran supports armed groups across Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Gaza, and Yemen, known collectively as the “Axis of Resistance.”. Iran , under its supreme leader and the Revolutionary Guard, has long relied on a different form of military adventurism—proxy wars in Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen, and to some extent in Palestine. On June 13, 2025 , Israel conducted a major operation against Iran . The anticipated attack targeted nuclear facilities, military sites, and regime infrastructure. 5 days ago · The Islamic Republic limps on after the 12-day conflict. Where will the nation go from here? In March 2025 , the Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative hosted a War Game to delve into how Iran might reshape its proxy strategy, specifically its engagement with Hezbollah. This significant event brought together groups representing Iran , Hezbollah, the US, Israel , and experts from countries like Syria, Russia, China, and Turkey.
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